Ethiopia
Less than four years after a peace agreement ended the civil war in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, conflict is looming once again. And civilians aren’t waiting for the fighting to start – they’re already starting to flee.
Its deep in the night in Mekelle, the capital of Ethiopia’s Tigray region, but dozens of young men with backpacks and suitcases are searching for a bus to Addis Ababa.
While war sets much of the Middle East alight, just across the waters of the Red Sea, another conflict is looming in the Horn of Africa.
Federal and Tigrayan forces are once again massing at their shared border in northern Ethiopia.
The peace agreement that ended the last civil war in 2022 was never properly implemented and relations have remained highly volatile, not helped by Ethiopia’s worsening ties with Eritrea, which borders Tigray.
There are no exact numbers, but hundreds are fleeing Tigray — a region that was home to around six million people before the war — every day by bus or plane.
‘Deserted’
Shortages of basic products are worsening. Hawkers sell bottles of smuggled petrol at intersections and their prices are rising fast — from 300 to 430 birr (around $1.90 to $2.80) in just a few days, an AFP journalist said.
Federal authorities have cut subsidies to the region for months. Many civil servants are no longer being paid and banks are running out of cash.
Heading to southern Tigray, a destroyed tank lies on the side of the road, a relic from the last war.
Chercher, a town of around 50,000 roughly 150 kilometres south of Mekelle, is near the borders with the Afar and Amhara regions, where federal troops are reportedly massing.
In January there was a brief outbreak of fighting in the area, sparking fears that a full conflict was restarting.
Mahlet Terefe, 23, briefly fled to another town with her three-year-old son when she heard the heavy artillery. She returned to run her stall selling alcohol and juice, but says business is almost non-existent.
“As you can see its deserted, there is nobody around,” she told AFP.
“I want to leave with my boy before war starts. I’m very afraid.”
A local official in Chercher told AFP it was a matter of time.
“There will be a new war,” said Zinabu Gebredhin. “Federal forces have mobilised soldiers nearby.”
He said the main federal army base was 23 kilometres from Chercher and troops were positioned on hills just 10 kilometres away.
‘Encircled’
The federal and Tigrayan administrations blame each other for the rising tensions.
“The federal troops are advancing” from all corners of Ethiopia “and I can say that Tigray is being encircled by federal troops,” Amanuel Assefa, second-in-command of the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), long the dominant party in region, told AFP last week.
“The highly likely scenario seems that there will be a conflict,” he said.
The following day, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said he did not want war, in a speech that was unusually delivered in Tigrinya, the language of Tigray.
But he also said the TPLF “wasn’t ready to make even a small compromise.”
This verbal sparring is meaningless to Berhan Adhana, 50, running a small spice stall in the almost-deserted marketplace of Chercher.
“War is destructive, it destroys countries. There is nothing we will gain from war,” she said
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